Relations between Moldova and the European Union (EU) are currently shaped via the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), a foreign policy instrument of the EU designed for the countries it borders.

Moldova has strong ties to EU member Romania and Romanian passports (for EU citizenship) are often granted by Romania to Moldovan citizens. The Republic of Moldova actively pursues EU membership, but it is poorer than any other European country and has to resolve issues over its break away region of Transnistria before it can join.

Nevertheless, the EU is developing an increasingly close relationship with Moldova, going beyond co-operation, to gradual economic integration and a deepening of political co-operation The EU has opened an office in Chişinău (the Moldovan capital), and appointed on March 23, 2005, a special representative, Adriaan Jacobovits de Szeged, to Moldova to focus on the resolution of the crisis in Transnistria. The European Commission opened up a new office in Moldova on October 6, 2005, headed by Cesare de Montis. The major strategic priority of Moldova now is membership in European institutions.